تهذيب القلوب: بنى ابن القيم أحكاماً لتهذيب القلوب مستنبطاً إياها من القرآن و السنة الحاثة على مداومة ذكر الله و مبينه فضله، مثل قوله تعالى: (و اذكروا الله ذكراً
Polishing the Hearts: Ibn Al Qayyim built up a ruling to polish the hearts based on the Quran versus like when Allah said: (O you who believe! Remember Allah and remember Him a lot).
Allah - the Most High - said:
"O you who believe! Remember Allah and remember Him a lot." [Soorah al-Ahzab 33:4I].
"Those men and women who remember Allah a lot." [Soorah al-Ahaab 33:35].
"So when you have finished the rights of your Pilgrimage, then remember Allah as you remember your fore-father, or with more intense remembrance." [Soorah al-Baqarah 2:200].
These verses contain a command to remember Allah intensely and abundantly, since the worshipper is in dire need of [remembering Allah] and cannot do without it even for a twinkling of an eye. This is because every moment that a person does not spend in the dhikr (remembrance) of Allah will not be of any benefit to him. Rather, the harm entailed in being neglectful of the dhikr of Allah is far greater than any benefits that can be gained. One of the arifeen (those who are knowledgeable about Allah) said:"If a person were to spend such and such number of years engaged [in the dhikr of Allah], then he turns away from it for just a moment, what he will lose is far greater than whatever he has already gained."
Al-Bayhaqi relates from Aaishah radiallahu anha that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
"There is no time in which the son of Aadam does not remember AIIah in it, except that it will be a source of regret for him on the Day of Judgement"2
Muadh ibn jabal radiallahu anhu relates that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
"The people of Paradise will not have any regrets except for those moments in which they were not engaged in the dhikr (remembrance) of Allah."3
Muadh ibn Jabal also relates that Allah's Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was asked: What action is the most beloved to Allah? So he replied:
"That you continue to keep your tongue moist with the dhikr of Allah, until you die."4
[POLISHING THE HEART]
Abu Darda radiallahu anhu said:"For everything there is a polish and the polish for the heart is the dhikr of Allah".
Al-Bayhaqee relates from Ibn Umar radiallahu anhu that AlIah's Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
"For everything there is a polish, and the polish for the hearts is the dhikr (remembrance) of Allah. There is nothing more potent in saving a person from the punishment of Allah than the dhikr of Allah." It was said: Not even Jihad in the path of Allah. So he replied: "Not even if you were to continue striking with your sword until it breaks."5
There is no doubt that hearts becomes rusty just as copper and silver coins become rusty. The polish for [this rust] is the dhikr of AIlah. This is because [dhikr] is like a polish [which polishes the heart] like a shiny mirror. When dhikr is left, the rust returns. But when dhikr resumes, then the heart is [again] polished. And hearts become rusty due to two things:-
(i) neglecting remembering Allah, and
(ii) committing sins.
The polish for these two things is:-
(i) seeking Allah's forgiveness and
(ii) dhikr.
[CONFUSING TRUTH WITH FALSEHOOD]
Whoever neglects [remembering Allah] most of the time, then his heart will become rusty in accordance with how neglectful the person is. And when this [filthy] rust accumulates on the heart, then it no longer recognizes things as they really are. Thus, it views falsehood as if it is the truth, and truth as if it is falsehood. This is because this rust darkens and confuses the heart's perception, and so it is unable to truly recognize things for what they really are. So as the rust accumulates, the heart gets blackened, and as this happens the heart becomes stained with this filthy rust, and when this occurs it corrupts the heart's perception and recognition of things. The heart [then] does not accept the truth nor does it reject falsehood, and this is the greatest calamity that can strike the heart. Being neglectful [of dhikr] and following of whims and desires is a direct consequence of such a heart, which [further] extinguish the heart's light and blinds its vision. Allah - the Most High - said:
"And do not obey him whose heart We have made to be neglectful of Our remembrance, one who follows his own whims and desires and whose affairs are furat [have gone beyond bounds and whose deeds have been lost]." [Soorah al-Kahf 18:28].
[QUALITIES OF A GUIDE]
So when a worshipper desires to follow another person, then let him see: Is this person from the people of dhikr, or from the people who are negligent [about remembering Allah]? Does this person judge in accordance with his whims and desires, or by the Revelation? So, if he judges by whims and desires then he is actually from those people who are negligent; those whose affairs have gone beyond bounds and whose deeds are lost.
The term furat [which occurs in the above verse] has been explained in many ways. It has been explained to mean:- (i) losing the rewards of that type of action which is essential to do, and in which lies success and happiness; (ii) exceeding the limits of something; (iii) being destroyed; and (iv) opposing the truth. Each of these sayings are very close in meaning to each other.
The point is that Allah - the One free from all imperfections, the Most High - has prohibited following all those who possess such attributes. So it is absolutely essential that a person considers whether such attributes are found in his shaykh, or the person who's example he follows, or the person that he obeys. If they are, then he should distance himself from such a person. However, if it is found that the person is, in most cases, pre-occupied with the dhikr of Allah and with following the Sunnah, and his affairs do not exceed the limits, but rather he is judicious and resolute in his affairs, then he should cling to him very firmly
Indeed, there is no difference between the living and the dead, except with the dhikr of Allah; since [the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam] said:
"The example of one who remembers Allah and someone who does not, is like the example between the living and the dead."6
FOOTNOTES:
1. AI-Wabilus-Sayyib min Kalimit-Tayyib (pp.78-82).
2. Hasan: Related by Abu Nuaym in al-Hiliyatul-Awliyaa (51361-362). It was authenticated by Shaykh al-Albani in Sahihul-Jami (no.5720).
3. Sahih: Related by lbnus-Sunni in Aml al-Yawma wal-Laylah (no.3). Refer to Sahihul-Jami (no.5446).
4. Hasan: Related by lbn Hibban (no.2318). It was authenticated by Shaykh Saleem al-Hilali in Sahih al-Wabilus-Sayyib (p.80).
5. Sahih: Related by Ahmad (4/352), from Muadh ibn Jabal radiallahu anhu. It was authenticated by al-Albani in Sahihul-Jami (no.5644).
6. Related by al-Bukhari (11/208) and Muslim (1/539).
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